A study published this month demonstrates that dopamine is involved in learning under both positive and negative reinforcement contingencies.
A summary of this research, conducted at the University of Pennsylvania, is provided here:
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-02/uops-bsn022916.php
U of Penn’s original release of the study is here:
http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/news/News_Releases/2016/02/dani/
And the original paper is available here:
http://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(16)30063-8
Really cool stuff!!